The Pug is a small brachycephalic breed (short muzzled) dog. They have Chinese origins and early Pugs may have been the predecessor of today’s Pekingese. Pugs are alert and are good with children, making them good family dogs. They can also...
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A puppy hernia is simply a protrusion of fat and/or bowel (e.g. a section of the intestine) through an opening in the body wall that would normally close when the puppy’s body is growing and developing. The protruded fat and/or bowel lie...
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Demodectic mange, aka “red mange”, “follicular mange”, or “puppy mange”, is a canine skin disease caused by a tiny mite called Demodex canis. The mite cannot be seen with naked eyes because of its microscopic...
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Adrenal Glands & Corticosteroids The two small adrenal glands are located just above each kidney. The cortex (outer layer) of the adrenal glands produce and release corticosteroids. The production and release of corticosteroids by the...
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If you are thinking of getting a Cocker Spaniel, you need to know about the common health problems that may affect this dog breed. Of course, not all Cocker Spaniels will develop the common health problems as described below, but keep in mind...
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Dogs have an opaque third eyelid called the “nictitating membrane”. It is located at the inner corner of each eye and, in normal conditions, this third eyelid is inconspicuous. There is a major tear gland wrapped around the cartilage...
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A cataract arises when the lens loses its transparency. In other words, any opacity on the lens, big or small, is regarded as a cataract. A lens normally is composed of about 66% of water and 33% of protein – a ratio that is always kept in...
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What is Vestibular System? The vestibular system or apparatus is an organ of balance. It senses the position of the head and body in space, in relation to gravity and movement. The purpose of the vestibular system is to synchronize eye movements...
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Valley fever in dogs is the most life-threatening of all systemic fungal diseases in dogs. It is caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis, and is found in dry desert areas of the Southwestern U.S. (such as Arizona, desert areas of California...
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The spleen is located below the stomach and its main function is to store blood for emergencies and destroy old red blood cells. The spleen has a red soft surface and contains a “red pulp” and a “white pulp”. The...
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A seizure is the result of an abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain, usually in one of the cerebral hemispheres. Canine seizures can be generalized or partial: Generalized Seizures (aka Tonic-Clonic Seizures or Grand Mal Seizures)...
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Seborrhea is a skin condition in which the epidermis, the sebaceous glands, and part of the hair follicles are hyper-productive. The result? An excessive amount of dead skin is being shed from the epidermis (outer layer of skin) and hair...
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